Which directory typically contains information, documentation, and example configuration files for installed software packages?

The directory that typically contains information, documentation, and example configuration files for installed software packages is /usr/share/doc/. This directory serves as a designated storage area for documentation files associated with software installed on the system. It commonly includes manuals, README files, license information, and examples that help users understand and configure the software appropriately. By keeping this documentation centralized, users can easily reference it when needed, aiding in the installation and usage of various packages.

The other directories serve different purposes: /etc/ is primarily used for configuration files needed to control the system's operation, /var/log/ is for log files generated by the system and applications for monitoring purposes, and /bin/ holds essential executable files and binaries required for the system to run. While important, these directories do not specifically encompass the documentation and examples that /usr/share/doc/ provides.